Cited in the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Ecclesiastical sources report there are about 7 millions Catholics, representing 7.0% of the total population. [1] Other religions includes Hinduism, Islam, and Baháʼí Faith, representing less than 0.2% of the population. Full panel title Women, Power, Spirit Possession, and Culture Identification: the Revival of folk religion in Contemporary Vietnam (2) Organizers Zhushuai Shao (University Paris 5), Yunxia Wu (Lancaster University) Date & Time Friday 18 August, 10:30 - 12:00 Location Room 11 Presentations Children of Mother Goddesses: Religion and Life of Female Spirit Medium in Viet Nam… Long-established religions in Vietnam include the Vietnamese folk religion, which has been historically structured by the doctrines of Confucianism and Taoism from China, as well as a strong tradition of Buddhism (called the three teachings or tam giáo). [2], According to estimates by the Pew Research Center in 2010, most of the religious Vietnamese practiced folk religions (45.3%). The state and the local population enjoy a dialogical and flexible relationship in the journey towards religion renewal, and the two actors play an important part in the recent revival of the religion. Laotian folk religion. Hòa Hảo is a religious tradition, based on Buddhism, founded in 1939 by Huỳnh Phú Sổ, a native of the Mekong Delta region of southern Vietnam. Folk Religion in Laos Also known as Tai folk religion and Satsana Phi, Lao folk religion is practiced in both Thailand and Laos. [40], The Catholic Church in Vietnam today consists of 27 dioceses organized in 3 ecclesiastical provinces. Cao Đài is a relatively new, syncretist, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam, in 1926. Capital Hanoi Population (2010) 87,850,000 Annual population growth rate (2000-2010) 1.1% Population gain (2000-2010) 9,090,000 GDP per capita $3,071 (US) Literacy Số người theo Phật giáo còn 4,6 triệu, đứng thứ hai ở VN! Nevertheless, traditions such as shamanism and soothsaying have revived despite government disapproval. The process also includes singers who use invocation songs to trigger a trance in the ritualist. Major religions in Vietnam include Mahayana Buddhism, Catholicism, Protestantism, Theravada Buddhism, Hoa Hao and Cao Dai. Đạo Mẫu is commonly associated with spirit mediumship rituals—known in Vietnam as lên đồng, it is a ritual in which followers become spirit mediums for various deities. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, "Vietnam Protestants Call Conference 'Miraculous, "Hanoi officially recognises Baptists and Mennonites", "Assemblies of God receive permit covering 40 provinces", "Holy Week and Easter celebrated in Vietnam", https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/301991017#h=120, https://www.rferl.org/a/countries-where-jehovahs-witnesses-activities-are-banned/29757419.html, "Vietnam Grants Official Recognition to Church", http://www.gso.gov.vn/Modules/Doc_Download.aspx?DocID=12724, "Xuan Loc district inaugurates the biggest Minster for Muslim followers", "Mission to Vietnam Advocacy Day (Vietnamese-American Meet up 2013) in the U.S. Capitol. Religion has exerted a deep influence on Vietnamese culture and the Vietnamese concept of life. The general secretary of the Mennonite Church in Vietnam and religious freedom advocate Nguyen Hong Quang was arrested in 2004, and his house razed to the ground. [13] A recent research using folkloristic computations has provided evidence on the existence of "cultural additivity" by examining the interaction of Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism throughout the history of Vietnam. Vietnamese folk religion is not an organized religious system, but a set of local worship traditions devoted to ancestors, national heroes, and gods of nature. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997, pg 9. The two officially recognized Protestant organizations recognized by the government are the Southern Evangelical Church of Vietnam (SECV), recognized in 2001, and the smaller Evangelical Church of Vietnam North (ECVN), recognized since 1963. There are a handful of references to Jewish settlement in Saigon sprinkled through the pages of the Jewish Chronicle in the 1860s and 1870s. In fact, there are some limitations in religious practice in Vietnam. Religious groups encounter the greatest restrictions when they are perceived by the government as a challenge to its rule or to the authority of the Communist party. Folk religion’s indigenous or native beliefs are held all over the world, particularly in parts of South America, Africa, China, and Southeast Asia. During Nguyễn Ánh's subsequent rule as Emperor Gia Long, the Catholic faith was permitted unimpeded missionary activities out of his respect to his benefactors. Vietnamese folk religion or Vietnamese indigenous religion (Vietnamese: tín ngưỡng dân gian Việt Nam, tôn giáo bản địa Việt Nam), is the ethnic religion of the Vietnamese people. Folk religion is a term used to describe a set of beliefs, superstitions and cultural practices transmitted from generation to generation, in contrast with the formally stated creeds and beliefs of a codified major religion.. The country committed itself to a policy of preservation of the religious culture from 1985, and the religion is celebrated as an element of the country's identity. Buddhism has, however, been a driving political force in Vietnamese history, and in 1963, monks led the resistance against the government of South Vietnam. Full panel title Women, Power, Spirit Possession, and Culture Identification: the Revival of folk religion in Contemporary Vietnam (2) Organizers Zhushuai Shao (University Paris 5), Yunxia Wu (Lancaster University) Date & Time Friday 18 August, 10:30 - 12:00 Location Room 11 Presentations Children of Mother Goddesses: Religion and Life of Female Spirit Medium in Viet Nam… Approximately 50,000 ethnic Cham in the south-central coastal area practice a devotional form of Hinduism. The Faces of Buddhism in America. Vietnamese folk religion or Vietnamese indigenous religion (Vietnamese: tín ngưỡng dân gian Việt Nam, tôn giáo bản địa Việt Nam), is the ethnic religion of the Vietnamese people.About 45.3% of the population in Vietnam are associated with this religion, making it dominant in Vietnam. According to the Pew Research Center, folk religions are practiced by 45.3% of people in Vietnam, making this the most dominant religion. St. Lucia - samlet befolkning: 170,000 Folk religion - befolkning: 850 Folk religion - procent: 0.5%/span> PROCENT: i Vietnam er 44.8% Folk religion mere end i St. Lucia BEFOLKNING: i Vietnam er 39,795,200 Folk religion mere end i St. Lucia Vietnam's major religions are Buddhism and Catholicism, although the largest percentage of the population follows Vietnamese folk traditions or identifies as non-religious. Cuong Tu Nguyen & A.W. Foreign missionaries are not legally allowed to proselytize or perform religious activities. Vietnamese folk religion. [13] The decorations on Dong Son bronze drums, generally agreed to have ceremonial and possibly religious value,[nb 2] depict the figures of birds, leading historians to believe birds were objects of worship for the early Vietnamese. [70] In 2007, the Committee for Religious Affairs was reported to have granted operation registration certificates to three new religions and a religious sect in addition to six existing religions. The Three Main Religions. The audience approaches the possessed practitioner after the dance and makes offerings and petitions to the deity. Buddhism is the largest of the major world religions in Vietnam, with about ten million followers. Vietnamese temples go by the name miếu which translates to temple in the Vietnamese language. [62] In 1940 the anti-Semitic Vichy-France "Statute on Jews" was implemented in French Indo-China (Vietnam), leading to increased restrictions and widespread discrimination against Jews. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998, pg 130. ", "It is generally agreed that Dong Son drums were used for ceremonial purposes (e.g. [24] Two priests Francesco Buzomi and Diogo Carvalho established the first Catholic community in Hội An in 1615. Cited in the US. Another category is the deities of Khmer and Cham as well as other Southeast Asian native origin. Nhà thờ họ are found in middle and northern Vietnam as family shrines equivalent to the ancestral shrines present in China. [63], Prior to the French evacuation of Indochina in 1954, the Jewish population in Indochina (which encompassed Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia) was reportedly 1,500; most of these Jews were said to have left with the French, leaving behind no organized Jewish communal structure. Only after the arrival of Jesuits, who were mainly Italians, Portuguese, and Japanese, in the first decades of the 17th century did Christianity begin to establish its positions within the local populations in both domains of Đàng Ngoài (Tonkin) and Đàng Trong (Cochinchina). It is based on the teachings of Ngô Lợi (1831–1890). The Temples of Literature are used for the veneration of Confucius, and they served as academies during the Imperial dynasties time. The folk religions of Vietnam have been particularly suppressed over the last century in different ways. Vietnam enjoys relative freedom of religion, though still with certain limitations. Folk religions in Vietnam include worship towards ancestors, national heroes, and gods of nature. Buddhism. [65] In 2005, the U.S. State Department's "International Religious Freedom Report" noted "There were no reported anti-Semitic incidents during the period covered by this report. [21][22] [29][30][31][32][33][34] Becoming Nguyễn Ánh's loyal confidant, benefactor and military advisor during his time of need,[35][36][37][38] he was able to gain a great deal of favor for the Church. Folk religion is usually followed by those who do not claim any religious doctrine via baptism, confession, daily prayer, reverence, or church attendance. One of the most notable and universal spiritual practices common to Vietnamese is ancestor veneration. Adherents of the Vietnamese folk religion carry out numerous practices in observance of their faith. in Charles S. Prebish and Kenneth K. Tanaka (eds). Several years ago, the Pew Research Center produced estimates of the religious makeup of more than 200 countries and territories, which it published in the 2012 report “The Global Religious Landscape.”The effort was part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on societies around the world. The representatives of the foreign relations department of the Russian Orthodox Church come to Vũng Tàu from time to time to conduct the Orthodox divine service. This philosophy holds reverence for the ecosystem, believing that anything with a lifecycle (e.g. The tradition was promoted in North Vietnam in the 1970s and then in the unified country. The triple religion (Vietnamese: tam giáo), referring to the syncretic combination of Mahayana Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, and Vietnamese folk religion (often assimilated), remain a strong influence on the beliefs and practices of the Vietnamese, even if the levels of formal membership in these religious communities may not reflect that influence. Folk religion - befolkning: 39,796,050 Folk religion - procent: 45.3%/span> 2. The term is also applied to the blending of folk practices with those of major religions. [73], "If properly buried and worshipped, the dead would be happy to remain in their realm and act as benevolent spirits for their progeny. Full panel title Women, Power, Spirit Possession, and Culture Identification: the Revival of folk religion in Contemporary Vietnam (1) Organizers Zhushuai Shao (University Paris 5), Yunxia Wu (Lancaster University) Date & Time Friday 18 August, 8:30 - 10:00 Location Room 11 Presentations A RENUNCIANT MOTHER: BUDDHIST NUNS AND GENDERED CAREGIVING IN LATE-SOCIALIST VIETNAM Dat Nguyen … The majority of Vietnamese do not follow any organized religion, instead observing one or more Vietnamese folk religion. Question: Is Vietnam a very religious country? [67], The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam formally allows religious freedom,[68] however, government restrictions remain on organized activities of many religious groups. Meanwhile, the traditional chữ Nôm, in which Girolamo Maiorica was an expert, was the main script conveying Catholic faith to Vietnamese until the late 19th century. It was the earliest foreign religion to be introduced in Vietnam, arriving from India in the second century A.D. in two ways, the Mahayana sect via China, and the Hinayana sect via Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos. Xẩm is one popular type of folk music in North Vietnam, especially in the Red River delta and Northern midland. The three main religionsin Vietnam are Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. 2015. The Len Dong person wears clothes symbolizing the god who incarnates into him/her by praying and kowtowing, and then showing movements concerning them. Between 1627–30, Avignonese Alexandre de Rhodes and Portuguese Pero Marques converted more than 6,000 people in Tonkin. Higham 1996: 133), and it could be argued that they were produced within a particular religious context, so we might talk about Dong Son religion, in the sense we talk about the Buddhist religion, as a cultural production but one which we know little about specifically. [70] Every citizen is declared free to follow no, one, or more religions, practice religion without violating the law, be treated equally regardless of religious belief, and to be protected from being violated in their religious freedom, but is prohibited from using religion to violate the law.[68]. It was called Saigon until 1975 when it was renamed Ho Chi Minh City following its capture by North Vietnamese communist forces. Topics similar to or like Religion in Vietnam Long-established religions in Vietnam include the Vietnamese folk religion, which has been historically structured by the doctrines of Confucianism and Taoism from China, as well as a strong tradition of Buddhism (called the three teachings or tam giáo). Vietnam is the sole Southeast Asian nation with its indigenous religion as the dominant belief system. [50] Congregations currently meet in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. p. 239. In the mid-19th century, many Muslims Chams emigrated from Cambodia and settled in the Mekong Delta region, further bolstering the presence of Islam in Vietnam. As in 19th century Vietnam, religion can inspire them to build new communities that embody their vision of the perfect world in the most desolate places. The temples in Northern Vietnam especially underwent extensive damage and neglect in the course of the land reform from 1953 to 1955 and in the period of collectivization between 1975 to 1986 in a reunified Vietnam. Other missionaries active in pre-modern Vietnam were Franciscans (in Cochinchina), Italian Dominicans & Discalced Augustinians (in Eastern Tonkin), and those sent by the Propaganda Fide. [48] As of 2019, Jehovah's Witnesses are a target of government oppression in Vietnam.[49]. [69] In 2007, Viet Nam News reported that Viet Nam has six religions recognised by the State (Buddhism, Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam, Cao Đài, and Hòa Hảo), but that the Baháʼí Community of Viet Nam had been awarded a "certificate of operation" from the Government's Committee for Religious Affairs. The Vietnamese government has been criticized for its religious violations by the United States, the Vatican, and expatriate Vietnamese who oppose the Communist government. 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